Monitoring Land Use/Land Cover and Landscape Pattern Changes at a Local Scale: A Case Study of Pyongyang, North Korea

One method of understanding landscape pattern changes is through an land use/land cover (LULC) changes, which are closely related to changes. Previous studies have monitored LULC across North Korea but did not consider at a local scale. Using multiple products construct sample points, the was classified using random-forest algorithm and Landsat satellite dataset. The overall accuracy classification 97.66 ± 1.36%, Kappa coefficient 0.95 0.03. Based on results, indices were used quantify monitor results showed that, from 2000 2020, there increasing trend in built-up forest areas Pyongyang, while cropland decreasing trend, fragmentation increased. However, urban expansion main factor affecting fragmentation. factors recovery reduction, leading increase Pyongyang.